Yes it can!  As described here, dyslexia is about confusion of words and meaning of symbols.

 

The dyslexic student may have no problems doing math, but word problems can be difficult and numbers and symbols can be confusing.

A dyslexic student can read "15" as "51" for example.  A plus sign ("+") can be read as times symbol ("x") and so on.

However, it's very important not to confuse reading problems with math problems.  When a dyslexic can't do math it may have to do with the:

• wording
• symbols
• ability to focus
• difficulties learning rules (sequences) 

Disability to focus can make it hard for students to learn how to do things in order.  Therefore, it's common for them to have difficulties learning and remembering rules.

Read more about difficulties learning symbols here.